文章来源：中国知网

摘要信息：目的 探析西维来司他钠联合俯卧位通气在急性肺损伤（ALI）/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）中的疗效。方法 确认研究样本为50例ALI/ARDS患者，来源潍坊市第二人民医院，研究起止时间2023年10月至2024年9月，以随机数字法设计分组，分成对照组（25例，常规治疗）和试验组（25例，在对照组的基础上增加静脉泵入西维来司他钠联合俯卧位通气治疗）。评价组间血气指标[动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）]、临床指标、病死率及并发症发生情况。结果 试验组血气指标高于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组症状缓解时间及住院时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组并发症总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 西维来司他钠与俯卧位通气联合使用，有助于改善ALI/ARDS患者的血气水平，加速症状缓解，缩短住院时间，并降低并发症的发生率。

文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Background. Since the 2012 Berlin Definition of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), several developments have supported the need for an expansion of the definition, including the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), expanding use of pulse oximetry in place of arterial blood gases, use of ultrasound for chest imaging, and the need for applicability in resource-limited settings. Methods. A Consensus Conference of 32 critical care ARDS experts was convened, had six virtual meetings (June 2021-March 2022), and subsequently obtained input from members of several critical care societies. The goal was to develop a definition that would: (1) identify patients with the currently accepted conceptual framework for ARDS; (2) facilitate rapid ARDS diagnosis for clinical care and research; (3) be applicable in resource-limited settings; (4) be useful for testing specific therapies; and (5) be practical for communication to patients and caregivers. Results. The committee made four main recommendations: (1) Include HFNO with a minimum flow rate of  30 liters/min; (2) Use arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)/FiO2  300 mmHg or SpO2/FiO2 < 315 (if SpO2  97%) to identify hypoxemia; (3) Retain bilateral opacities for imaging criteria but add ultrasound as an imaging modality, especially in resource-limited areas; and (4) In resource-limited settings, do not require PEEP, oxygen flow rate, or specific respiratory support devices. Conclusions. We propose a New Global Definition of ARDS that builds on the Berlin Definition. The recommendations also identify areas for future research, including the need for prospective assessments of feasibility, reliability, and prognostic validity of the proposed Global Definition.

文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Objective:Sivelestat may reduce postoperative pulmonary injury after total arch replacement (TAR). This study aimed to evaluate whether the preoperative PaO2/FiO2(P/F) ratio affects the efficacy of sivelestat in reducing postoperative pulmonary injury in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) who underwent TAR using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Methods:Data of patients with AAD who underwent TAR using DHCA in a tertiary hospital between February 1, 2022, and December 30, 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into the sivelestat and control groups. Three subgroup analyses were performed based on the postoperative P/F ratio. The primary clinical outcomes were assessed to determine the efficacy and safety of sivelestat in managing postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Results:A total of 187 patients were included, with 95 in the sivelestat group and 92 in the control group. No significant differences were found in the clinical variables between the two groups (all P > 0.05), except for some improvements in the inflammatory biomarker levels (including white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein). Subgroup analysis revealed that sivelestat treatment significantly increased the P/F ratio on the 4th day and 3rd day after TAR in patients with mild lung injury (P = 0.02) and moderate lung injury (P = 0.03), respectively. Additionally, sivelestat reduced the levels of several postoperative inflammatory biomarkers in both subgroups. Conclusions:Among patients with AAD with mild or moderate preoperative lung injury, defined by a low P/F ratio, sivelestat significantly improved the postoperative P/F ratio and attenuated inflammatory responses after TAR. These findings suggest an important avenue for further research.

文章来源：中国知网

摘要信息：目的 比较西维来司他钠与乌司他丁对急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层（ATAAD）手术患者术后切口感染的效果。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年1月行ATAAD患者109例，分为观察组（50例）和对照组（59例）。观察组患者接受西维来司他钠治疗，对照组患者接受乌司他丁治疗。主要结局指标为术后至出院前的切口感染发生率。次要结局指标为术后肺部并发症（PPCs）、术后气管导管拔管时间、重症监护室（ICU）入住时间及术后住院时间；麻醉诱导前10 min（T0）、切皮时（T1）、术毕即刻（T2）、术后24 h （T3）及术后72 h（T4）时测量患者肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(PA-aDO2)、肺泡氧合指数（OI）及呼吸指数（RI）。术前1 d、术后1 d及术后3 d时分别采集患者外周静脉血样本，测定白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞数量（NEUT）、中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT%）及C反应蛋白（CRP）水平。结果 对照组术后切口感染发生率为13.6%（8/59）,观察组为4.0%（2/50）,观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者术后气管导管拔管时间及ICU停留时间均较对照组缩短（P<0.05）。术后至出院前，与对照组比较，观察组高碳酸血症发生率降低（P<0.05）。观察组和对照组PPCs总发生率分别为10.0%和38.0%,前者较后者降低（P<0.05）。观察组T1～4时PA-aDO2和RI低于对照组、OI高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d和3 d时WBC、NEUT和NEUT%以及CRP水平均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 与乌司他丁相比较，西维来司他钠可降低ATAAD患者术后切口感染发生率，抑制炎症反应。

摘要信息：研究目标： 评价急性A型主动脉夹层术前低氧血症(PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg)患者术中应用西维来司他钠缩短术后有创机械通气的有效性和安全性。 研究设计类型、原则与实施方法 总体设计 单中心、安慰剂、双盲、随机平行对照研究。 本研究计划纳入30例急性A型主动脉夹层术前低氧血症(PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg)患者，受试者按照1:1的比例随机分配至试验组或对照组，分别接受西维来司他钠组与安慰剂组，评价西维来司他钠缩短术后有创机械通气时间。 评价指标 主要终点指标 有创机械通气时间（小时）：从有创机械通气开始至第一次成功拔除气管插管的持续时间。第一次成功拔除气管插管定义为拔除气管插管后患者能够自主呼吸超过48小时。 次要终点指标 全部有创机械通气情况（模式和时间）、全部无创机械通气情况（模式和时间）、全部高流量吸氧情况（流量和时间）。 氧合指数及其曲线下面积、PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg持续时间（小时）、急性肺损伤、呼吸机相关肺炎、Murray肺损伤评分。 术后ICU滞留时间（天）、术后住院时间（天）、APACHE II评分、SOFA评分。 围术期死亡、脑卒中、截瘫、暂时性神经系统功能不全、癫痫、急性肾损伤、感染、心律失常、心脏骤停、急性胰腺炎、消化道出血、术中、术后输注血制品的情况（种类和数量）。 血流动力学指标、实验室检查指标、影像学指标、卫生经济学指标。 28天无呼吸机时间（天）、术后28天的全因死亡、28天内氧疗、无创机械通气、有创机械通气、俯卧位通气、吸入一氧化碳治疗。 安全性指标 急性肝功能损伤、黄疸、白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少等不良事件发生情况。 实验室检查（血常规、血生化）

摘要信息：Purpose:Several reports indicate that a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, may have prophylactic efficacy against a systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We evaluated the clinical pulmonary and cardiac effects of sivelestat. Methods:We performed a retrospective study of 25 pediatric patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery with CPB for ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension. Ten patients received 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) sivelestat; the other is patients were the control group. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. The P(a)O(2)/fractional inspired oxygen (F(I)O(2); P/F) ratio, the respiratory index (RI), and the fractional area change (FAC) of the left ventricle (LV) in the postoperative course were measured. Results:The P/F ratio was higher in the sivelestat group compared with the control group and there were significant differences between the two groups immediately after weaning form CPB, and at 12 h after weaning from CPB (P < 0.05). The RI was lower in the sivelestat group compared with the control group and there were significant differences between the two groups at immediately after weaning from CPB, and at 6 h and 12 h after CPB (P < 0.05). The FAC of the LV was significantly better in the sivelestat group and there was a significant difference between the two groups on postoperative day (POD) 3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion:We have shown that pediatric patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with CPB who received sivelestat had a higher P/F ratio, a lower RI, and better FAC of the LV in the postoperative course.

摘要信息：Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits a systemic inflammatory response. Our previous reports revealed that prophylactic sivelestat administration at CPB initiation suppresses the postoperative acute inflammatory response due to CPB in pediatric cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sivelestat administration before CPB and at CPB initiation in patients undergoing pediatric open-heart surgery. Twenty consecutive patients weighing 5-10 kg and undergoing ventricular septal defect closure with CPB were divided into pre-CPB (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Patients in the pre-CPB group received a 24 h continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat starting at the induction of anesthesia and an additional 0.1 mg/100 mL during CPB priming. Patients in the control group received a 24-h continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat starting at the commencement of CPB. Blood samples were tested. Clinical variables including blood loss, water balance, systemic vascular resistance index, and the ratio between partial pressure of oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio) were assessed. White blood cell count and neutrophil count as well as C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in the pre-CPB group according to repeated two-way analysis of variance, whereas platelet count was significantly higher. During CPB, mixed venous oxygen saturation remained significantly higher and lactate levels lower in the pre-CPB group. Postoperative alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower in the pre-CPB group than in the control group. The P/F ratio was significantly higher in the pre-CPB group than in the control group. Fluid load requirement was significantly lower in the pre-CPB group.Administration of sivelestat before CPB initiation is more effective than administration at initiation for the suppression of inflammatory responses due to CPB in pediatric open-heart surgery, with this effect being confirmed by clinical evidence.

摘要信息：Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) evokes activation of a systemic inflammatory response. Sivelestat has been used clinically to treat acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This prospective, doubleblind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the effects of sivelestat in the perioperative period of elective pediatric open-heart surgery with CPB. Twenty-six consecutive pediatric patients weighing between 5 and 10 kg and undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB were divided into a sivelestat group (n = 13) and a control group (n = 13). The patients in the sivelestat group were administered a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/hour of sivelestat, and the patients in the control group were administered the same volume of 0.9% saline from the initiation of CPB to 24 hours after surgery. Blood samples were drawn for the measurement of cytokines, polymorphonuclear elastase (PMN-E), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NC), and C-reactive protein (CRP). There were no significant differences in cytokine data between the two groups. The peak PMN-E and WBC levels were significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.049, P = 0.039). The WBC and NC levels immediately after surgery in the control group were significantly greater than those in the sivelestat group (P = 0.049, P = 0.044). The peak CRP level in the control group was significantly greater than the sivelestat group (P = 0.04), and the CRP level on postoperative day 4 in the control group was significantly greater than in the sivelestat group (P = 0.014). This study showed that sivelestat attenuates the perioperative inflammatory response in pediatric heart surgery with CPB.

摘要信息：Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits a systemic inflammatory response. The neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat is known to suppress this systemic inflammatory response, which can eventually result in acute organ failure. The prophylactic effect of sivelestat on acute lung injury, especially in pediatric cardiac surgery, remains unclear. This prospective double-blind, randomized study evaluated the perioperative prophylactic effect of sivelestat in patients undergoing elective pediatric open heart surgery with CPB. Thirty consecutive patients, weighing 5-10 kg and undergoing open heart surgery with CPB, were assigned to sivelestat (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. From CPB initiation to 24 h after surgery, patients in the sivelestat group received a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat, whereas patients in the control group received the same volume of 0.9% saline. Blood samples were collected, and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, polymorphonuclear elastase (PMN-E), C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as the white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, and neutrophil count (NC) were measured. PMN-E levels, IL-8 levels, WBC count, NC, and CRP levels were significantly lower, and platelet count was significantly higher in the sivelestat group, according to repeated two-way analysis of variance. The activated coagulation time was significantly shorter in the sivelestat group, similarly, blood loss was significantly less in the sivelestat group. In conclusion, Sivelestat attenuates perioperative inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing pediatric heart surgery with CPB.

摘要信息：[摘要] 目的 探讨西维来司他钠对急性 Stanford A型主动脉夹层(AAAD)手术患者围术期急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响。方法招募2021年12月至2022年6月期间于河南省胸科医院手术室急诊行手术治疗的AAAD 患者 72 例,采用随机数字表法将其分为西维来司他钠组(S 组)和乌司他丁组(U 组),每组36 例。S组患者于麻醉前 10 min 经静脉以 0.2 mg/(kg·h)的速率泵注西维来司他钠注射液直至机械通气脱机。U 组患者于麻醉前 10 min 以2万 U/kg的剂量经静脉泵注乌司他丁直至机械通气结束脱机。于麻醉诱导后切皮前(T)术毕即刻(T,)、术后 24 h(T;)及48 h(T)时采集桡动脉血行血气分析,计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(PDO,)肺泡氧合指数(0D)和呼吸指数(RI) 。于T~T 时抽取中心静脉血测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-)、白细胞介素6(Ⅱ6)和白细胞介素8(Ⅱ8)水平。于术前1d及术后1d、3 d时抽取外周静脉血并测定白细胞计数(WBC)中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)和中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。记录患者术后肺部并发症(PPC)发生率及不良反应发生率。结果与U组比较,S组患者术后机械通气时间及 ICU 入住时间更短差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在T,~T 时间点,S组PDO,和 RI水平显著低于U组(P<0.05),0I水平显著高于U组(P<0.05);血清 TNF-、ⅡL6、Ⅱ8水平均显著低于U组(P<0.05)。与术前1d相比,两组术后1 d3 d的 WBC、NEUT、NEUT%及 CRP 水平均显著增高(P<0.05),S 组水平低于U组(P<0.05)。S 组术后高碳酸血症、低氧血症、新出现肺部啰音和支气管痉挛发生率均低于U组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西维来司他钠可抑制 AAAD 手术患者炎性反应,减轻围术期 ALI,降低 PPCs 发生率,改善患者早期预后。