文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Background. Since the 2012 Berlin Definition of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), several developments have supported the need for an expansion of the definition, including the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), expanding use of pulse oximetry in place of arterial blood gases, use of ultrasound for chest imaging, and the need for applicability in resource-limited settings. Methods. A Consensus Conference of 32 critical care ARDS experts was convened, had six virtual meetings (June 2021-March 2022), and subsequently obtained input from members of several critical care societies. The goal was to develop a definition that would: (1) identify patients with the currently accepted conceptual framework for ARDS; (2) facilitate rapid ARDS diagnosis for clinical care and research; (3) be applicable in resource-limited settings; (4) be useful for testing specific therapies; and (5) be practical for communication to patients and caregivers. Results. The committee made four main recommendations: (1) Include HFNO with a minimum flow rate of  30 liters/min; (2) Use arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)/FiO2  300 mmHg or SpO2/FiO2 < 315 (if SpO2  97%) to identify hypoxemia; (3) Retain bilateral opacities for imaging criteria but add ultrasound as an imaging modality, especially in resource-limited areas; and (4) In resource-limited settings, do not require PEEP, oxygen flow rate, or specific respiratory support devices. Conclusions. We propose a New Global Definition of ARDS that builds on the Berlin Definition. The recommendations also identify areas for future research, including the need for prospective assessments of feasibility, reliability, and prognostic validity of the proposed Global Definition.

摘要信息：方案名称：西维来司他钠对肝移植患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响：一项非随机、双向队列研究 研究目的：观察西维来司钠对肝移植患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响 研究设计：单中心、双向队列研究 样本量：共45例 ，其中40例回顾，5例前瞻 给药方案： 疗程：术中持续给药至拔管后48h（不使用乌司他丁） 给药方案：0.2mg/kg/h持续静脉泵入 治疗期： (1)试验组： 西维来司他钠+常规治疗 (2)对照组： 常规治疗 纳入标准： (1)年龄≥18岁且≤75岁，性别不限； (2)终末期肝病（非肝癌）进行肝移植的患者； (3)患者或家属对本次试验目的和意义有充分了解，自愿参加本次临床试验，并签署知情同意书。 排除标准： 有以下情况之一者不能入选本试验： (1)妊娠期或哺乳期女性； (2)预期生存时间少于48h； (3)合并慢性呼吸系统疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性肺气肿等）的患者； (4)合并其他恶性肿瘤的患者； (5)对本品过敏者； (6)拒绝参加本研究或已参加其他研究者； (7)经研究者判定不适合入选的其它情况。 观察指标及评价时间点: 终点指标 主要终点指标： 入组第0、1、2、3、5、7、14天SOFA评分 次要终点指标： (1)入组第0、1、2、3、5、7、14天：炎症因子水平（WBC、NEU%、CRP、PCT、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、干扰素-γ、TNF-α）；APACHE II评分； (2)入组第1、3、7天血浆中NE的含量； (3)器官支持天数； (4)入组后截至转出ICU的氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）； (5)根据KDIGO（肾脏疾病：改善全球结局）标准的AKI发生率； AKI定义为以下任意一种情况： a.48 小时内血清肌酐增加 ≥0.3mg/dL（>26.5µmol/L）； b.血肌酐在 7 天内升高达基础值的≥1.5 倍； c.尿量＜0.5ml/（kg·h），持续6小时； (6)术中再灌注后综合征发生率（再灌注后综合征定义为再灌注后5分钟内，持续至少1分钟平均动脉压低于基线值＞30%（Aggarwal标准））； (7)肝移植后90天的患者生存率； (8)血常规（血红蛋白）、肝肾功能（AST、ALT、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、总胆红素、肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸）、凝血功能（APTT、PT、D-二聚体）、铁蛋白、血气分析（乳酸）； 安全性指标 (1)生命体征：心率、血压（SBP/DBP/MAP）、呼吸频率、呼吸支持模式、呼吸机参数、SpO2、（同时记录吸入氧浓度）和体温； (2)体格检查； (3)胸片或胸部CT检查； (4)不良事件。

摘要信息：Background:This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients with pulmonary contusion, the impact of various treatment options for prognosis, and the risk factors for concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 252 trauma patients with lung contusion admitted to the General Hospital of Guangzhou Command from January 2000 to June 2011 by using the statistical processing system SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results:We included 252 patients in our study, including 214 males and 38 females. The average age was 37.1 ± 14.9 years. There were 110 cases admitted to the ICU, of which 26 cases with ARDS. Nine of the 252 patients died. We compared those who survived with those who died by gender and age, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.199, P = 0.200). Separate univariate analysis of those who died and those who survived found that shock on admission (P = 0.000), coagulation disorders (P = 0.000), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.02), the need for emergency surgery on admission (P = 0.000), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), blood transfusion within 24 hours (P = 0.006), the use of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.000), and concurrent ARDS (P = 0.000) are poor prognosis risk factors. Further logistic analysis, including the admission GCS score (OR = 0.708, 95% CI 0.516-0.971, P = 0.032), ISS score (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.006-1.280, P = 0.039), and concurrent ARDS (OR = 15.814, 95% CI 1.819-137.480, P = 0.012), identified the GCS score, ISS score and concurrent ARDS as independent risk factors of poor prognosis. Shock (OR = 9.121, 95% CI 0.857-97.060, P = 0.067) was also related to poor prognosis. Patients with injury factors such as road accident, falling injury, blunt injury and crush injury, et al.(P = 0.039), infection (P = 0.005), shock (P = 0.004), coagulation disorders (P = 0.006), emergency surgery (P = 0.01), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), chest tube insertion (P = 0.004), blood transfusion (P = 0.000), usage of hormones (P = 0.002), phlegm (P = 0.000), ventilation (P = 0.000) were at a significantly increased risk for ARDS complications. Conclusions:Those patients with multiple trauma and pulmonary contusion admitted to the hospital with shock, coagulopathy, a need for emergency surgery, pre-hospital intubation, and a need for mechanical ventilation could have a significantly increased risk of mortality and ARDS incidence. A risk for poor prognosis was associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high ISS score, high APACHE2, and low GCS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. If patients developed an infection or were given drainage, hormones, and phlegm treatment, they were at higher risk of ARDS. Pre-hospital intubation and drainage were independent risk factors for ARDS. In patients with ARDS, the ICU stay, total length of stay, and hospital costs might increase significantly. A GCS score < 5.5, APACHE 2 score > 16.5, and ISS score > 20.5 could be considered indicators of poor prognosis for patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion.

摘要信息：Background:There are conflicting views on the of sivelestat sodium (sivelestat-Na) on acute lung injury. Methods:The efficacy of sivelestat-Na on aspiration-related acute lung injury was analyzed by reviewing case reports published before or after the appearance of the drug on the clinical practice in Japan. Data were analyzed from the 23 sivelestat-treated cases and 5 non-sivelestat cases. Results:Sivelestat-Na was administered by 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) days. PaO2/ ratio increased significantly from 124 +/- 59 mmHg of baseline to 253 +/- 79 mmHg on the third and to 361 +/- 84 mmHg on the termination of the therapy. Significantly better response was observed if the drug was administered within 24 hours after aspiration for patients with background of neurological disease, in which the increases in the P/F ratio were greater and the duration of the drug administration was shorter compared with other patients. In comparison with the non-sivelestat cases, sivelestat-Na therapy appears to be associated with shorter ventilator days or higher P/F increase, although sivelestat-Na costs higher. Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility of conducting prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy of early sivelestat-Na therapy for aspiration-related acute lung injury.