文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Background. Since the 2012 Berlin Definition of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), several developments have supported the need for an expansion of the definition, including the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), expanding use of pulse oximetry in place of arterial blood gases, use of ultrasound for chest imaging, and the need for applicability in resource-limited settings. Methods. A Consensus Conference of 32 critical care ARDS experts was convened, had six virtual meetings (June 2021-March 2022), and subsequently obtained input from members of several critical care societies. The goal was to develop a definition that would: (1) identify patients with the currently accepted conceptual framework for ARDS; (2) facilitate rapid ARDS diagnosis for clinical care and research; (3) be applicable in resource-limited settings; (4) be useful for testing specific therapies; and (5) be practical for communication to patients and caregivers. Results. The committee made four main recommendations: (1) Include HFNO with a minimum flow rate of  30 liters/min; (2) Use arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)/FiO2  300 mmHg or SpO2/FiO2 < 315 (if SpO2  97%) to identify hypoxemia; (3) Retain bilateral opacities for imaging criteria but add ultrasound as an imaging modality, especially in resource-limited areas; and (4) In resource-limited settings, do not require PEEP, oxygen flow rate, or specific respiratory support devices. Conclusions. We propose a New Global Definition of ARDS that builds on the Berlin Definition. The recommendations also identify areas for future research, including the need for prospective assessments of feasibility, reliability, and prognostic validity of the proposed Global Definition.

文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Objective:We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of sivelestat sodium on the basis of corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:We retrospectively investigated 127 patients with confirmed moderate-to-severe ARDS treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Dazhou Central Hospital. Patients were divided into the control group (corticosteroids alone) and the combination therapy of steroids and sivelestat sodium (CTSSS) group according to the therapeutic interventions. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. And the baseline characteristics and laboratory findings of patients were collected for analysis.Results:The overall mortality rate in 127 patients was 48.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the CTSSS group and the control group (45.3% vs. 56.1%). In the subgroup of patients aged < 80 years or with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score < 30, CTSSS could reduce the risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.96, p=0.041; OR = 0.31, 95% CI, 0.13-0.77, p=0.012; respectively). Among patients aged 80 years or older, those with CTSSS exhibited a significantly elevated risk of mortality (OR = 13; 95% CI, 1.20-140.73; p=0.035).Conclusion:Compared with corticosteroids alone, CTSSS could improve oxygenation index, increase lymphocyte count, protect extrapulmonary organs and reduce in-hospital mortality rate in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in specific subgroups (age < 80 years or APACHE II score < 30). It might be advisable to avoid CTSSS in moderate-to-severe ARDS patients aged 80 years or older. Prospective studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to verify these findings.

文章来源：中国知网

摘要信息：目的 探讨西维来司他钠治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的临床疗效及其应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2022年10月至2023年10月平顶山市第一人民医院诊治的80例ARDS患者分为对照组（40例）、观察组（40例）。对照组接受常规治疗，观察组接受西维来司他钠治疗。统计对比两组临床疗效及治疗前后生理生化指标[动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）]、Murray肺损伤评分、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）]、血管内皮功能[血管生成素-2（Ang-2）、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体（sRAGE）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）]。比较两组不良反应发生率与病死率。结果 观察组总有效率（90.00%）较对照组（72.50%）升高（P<0.05）;与对照组比较，观察组治疗后SaO2、PaO2升高，Murray评分、APACHEⅡ评分降低（P<0.05）;与对照组比较，观察组治疗后血清hs-CRP、IL-6、PCT、Ang-2、sRAGE、ET-1水平降低，血清NO水平升高（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组病死率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 西维来司他钠治疗ARDS的效果确切，可改善血气指标，抑制炎症反应，减轻肺损伤，改善血管内皮功能，降低病死率，具有一定安全性。

文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：研究旨在探讨西维来司他钠（SV）治疗严重急性胰腺炎（SAP）伴全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）疗效和安全性。选取2021年1月至2024年8月在郑州大学第一附属医院急诊重症监护室诊断和治疗的102例SAP患者。比较两组疾病结局、住院时间和死亡率的变化。根据是否应用SV，共有102例患者被招募到对照组（n=56）或SV组（n=46）。两组入院时的基线数据无显著差异。治疗1周后，两组各项指标均有所改善。SV组呼吸机使用时间（p=0.0400）和ICU住院时间（p=0.0495）短于对照组，但两组死亡率差异无统计学意义。尽管SV没有降低SAP患者死亡率，但它缩短了呼吸机使用时间和ICU住院时间。

文章来源：中国知网

摘要信息：目的 探究有创-无创序贯通气疗法联合美罗培南、西维来司他钠治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的效果。方法 选择2019年2月至2023年1月我院收治的120例急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者为研究对象，以入院时间将其分为对照组和观察组，各60例。对照组接受有创机械通气联合美罗培南、西维来司他钠治疗，观察组接受有创-无创序贯通气疗法联合美罗培南、西维来司他钠治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果 治疗后，观察组的C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白细胞计数（WBC）及核因子-κB(NF-κB)水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组的呼吸系统阻力（Rrs）低于对照组，肺动态顺应性（Crs）、第1秒用力呼吸容积/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组的动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）高于对照组，动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 有创-无创序贯通气疗法联合美罗培南、西维来司他钠治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的效果显著，可调节炎性因子水平，改善肺功能及血氧状态指标。

摘要信息：方案名称：西维来司他钠对肝移植患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响：一项非随机、双向队列研究 研究目的：观察西维来司钠对肝移植患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响 研究设计：单中心、双向队列研究 样本量：共45例 ，其中40例回顾，5例前瞻 给药方案： 疗程：术中持续给药至拔管后48h（不使用乌司他丁） 给药方案：0.2mg/kg/h持续静脉泵入 治疗期： (1)试验组： 西维来司他钠+常规治疗 (2)对照组： 常规治疗 纳入标准： (1)年龄≥18岁且≤75岁，性别不限； (2)终末期肝病（非肝癌）进行肝移植的患者； (3)患者或家属对本次试验目的和意义有充分了解，自愿参加本次临床试验，并签署知情同意书。 排除标准： 有以下情况之一者不能入选本试验： (1)妊娠期或哺乳期女性； (2)预期生存时间少于48h； (3)合并慢性呼吸系统疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性肺气肿等）的患者； (4)合并其他恶性肿瘤的患者； (5)对本品过敏者； (6)拒绝参加本研究或已参加其他研究者； (7)经研究者判定不适合入选的其它情况。 观察指标及评价时间点: 终点指标 主要终点指标： 入组第0、1、2、3、5、7、14天SOFA评分 次要终点指标： (1)入组第0、1、2、3、5、7、14天：炎症因子水平（WBC、NEU%、CRP、PCT、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、干扰素-γ、TNF-α）；APACHE II评分； (2)入组第1、3、7天血浆中NE的含量； (3)器官支持天数； (4)入组后截至转出ICU的氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）； (5)根据KDIGO（肾脏疾病：改善全球结局）标准的AKI发生率； AKI定义为以下任意一种情况： a.48 小时内血清肌酐增加 ≥0.3mg/dL（>26.5µmol/L）； b.血肌酐在 7 天内升高达基础值的≥1.5 倍； c.尿量＜0.5ml/（kg·h），持续6小时； (6)术中再灌注后综合征发生率（再灌注后综合征定义为再灌注后5分钟内，持续至少1分钟平均动脉压低于基线值＞30%（Aggarwal标准））； (7)肝移植后90天的患者生存率； (8)血常规（血红蛋白）、肝肾功能（AST、ALT、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、总胆红素、肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸）、凝血功能（APTT、PT、D-二聚体）、铁蛋白、血气分析（乳酸）； 安全性指标 (1)生命体征：心率、血压（SBP/DBP/MAP）、呼吸频率、呼吸支持模式、呼吸机参数、SpO2、（同时记录吸入氧浓度）和体温； (2)体格检查； (3)胸片或胸部CT检查； (4)不良事件。

摘要信息：Background:This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients with pulmonary contusion, the impact of various treatment options for prognosis, and the risk factors for concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 252 trauma patients with lung contusion admitted to the General Hospital of Guangzhou Command from January 2000 to June 2011 by using the statistical processing system SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results:We included 252 patients in our study, including 214 males and 38 females. The average age was 37.1 ± 14.9 years. There were 110 cases admitted to the ICU, of which 26 cases with ARDS. Nine of the 252 patients died. We compared those who survived with those who died by gender and age, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.199, P = 0.200). Separate univariate analysis of those who died and those who survived found that shock on admission (P = 0.000), coagulation disorders (P = 0.000), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.02), the need for emergency surgery on admission (P = 0.000), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), blood transfusion within 24 hours (P = 0.006), the use of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.000), and concurrent ARDS (P = 0.000) are poor prognosis risk factors. Further logistic analysis, including the admission GCS score (OR = 0.708, 95% CI 0.516-0.971, P = 0.032), ISS score (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.006-1.280, P = 0.039), and concurrent ARDS (OR = 15.814, 95% CI 1.819-137.480, P = 0.012), identified the GCS score, ISS score and concurrent ARDS as independent risk factors of poor prognosis. Shock (OR = 9.121, 95% CI 0.857-97.060, P = 0.067) was also related to poor prognosis. Patients with injury factors such as road accident, falling injury, blunt injury and crush injury, et al.(P = 0.039), infection (P = 0.005), shock (P = 0.004), coagulation disorders (P = 0.006), emergency surgery (P = 0.01), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), chest tube insertion (P = 0.004), blood transfusion (P = 0.000), usage of hormones (P = 0.002), phlegm (P = 0.000), ventilation (P = 0.000) were at a significantly increased risk for ARDS complications. Conclusions:Those patients with multiple trauma and pulmonary contusion admitted to the hospital with shock, coagulopathy, a need for emergency surgery, pre-hospital intubation, and a need for mechanical ventilation could have a significantly increased risk of mortality and ARDS incidence. A risk for poor prognosis was associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high ISS score, high APACHE2, and low GCS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. If patients developed an infection or were given drainage, hormones, and phlegm treatment, they were at higher risk of ARDS. Pre-hospital intubation and drainage were independent risk factors for ARDS. In patients with ARDS, the ICU stay, total length of stay, and hospital costs might increase significantly. A GCS score < 5.5, APACHE 2 score > 16.5, and ISS score > 20.5 could be considered indicators of poor prognosis for patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion.

摘要信息：Background:There are conflicting views on the of sivelestat sodium (sivelestat-Na) on acute lung injury. Methods:The efficacy of sivelestat-Na on aspiration-related acute lung injury was analyzed by reviewing case reports published before or after the appearance of the drug on the clinical practice in Japan. Data were analyzed from the 23 sivelestat-treated cases and 5 non-sivelestat cases. Results:Sivelestat-Na was administered by 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) days. PaO2/ ratio increased significantly from 124 +/- 59 mmHg of baseline to 253 +/- 79 mmHg on the third and to 361 +/- 84 mmHg on the termination of the therapy. Significantly better response was observed if the drug was administered within 24 hours after aspiration for patients with background of neurological disease, in which the increases in the P/F ratio were greater and the duration of the drug administration was shorter compared with other patients. In comparison with the non-sivelestat cases, sivelestat-Na therapy appears to be associated with shorter ventilator days or higher P/F increase, although sivelestat-Na costs higher. Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility of conducting prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy of early sivelestat-Na therapy for aspiration-related acute lung injury.