摘要信息：摘要:目的:探究西维来司他钠联合血必净治疗重症肺炎对血气分析、血清炎性因子的影响。方法:回顾性选取商丘市中心医院2021年6月至2023 年6月收治的60 例重症肺炎患者病历资料,根据治疗方案不同分为两组,各30例。两组均给予常规治疗,基于此参照组给予西维来司他钠治疗,联合组予以血必净+西维来司他钠治疗。对比两组肺功能[呼气流量峰值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气末容积(FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)1、血气分析指标[动脉血氧分压(Pa0,)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO,)、氧合指数(0I)]、炎性因子水平[4 羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)、活化蛋白(APC)、C 反应蛋白(CRP)]、T细胞亚群CD4*、CD3*、CD4*/CD8*1、用药安全性。结果:治疗7d、14d后,联合组 FEV1、PEF、FEVI/FVC、Pa0,、0I高于参照组.PaC0,低于参照组(P<0.05):治疗7d14d后,联合组APC、CD4*、CD4*/CD8*CD3*高于参照组,4-HNE、CRP 低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论:西维来司他钠联合血必净治疗重症肺炎可改善肺功能、血气分析指标,调节T细胞亚群,抑制炎性反应,利于病情转归,安全性较高。

摘要信息：Background:Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is postulated to mitigate acute lung injury in patients following emergency surgery. However, its efficacy in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the pulmonary protective effects of sivelestat in COVID-19 patients with ALI/ARDS. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted involving 2454 COVID-19 patients between October 5, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Of these, 102 patients received sivelestat (0.2 mg/kg/h), while 2352 age- and sex-matched controls were identified. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to match sivelestat and non-sivelestat subgroups in ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 for sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was a composite of effective outcomes, including 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), the ratio of PaO2to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), and various cytokine levels. Safety evaluations included assessments of liver function, kidney function, and leukopenia. Results:In the propensity score-matched analysis, the sivelestat group had a higher proportion of severe/critical patients (87.26 % vs. 51.02 %, P < 0.001), more ARDS patients (4.9 % vs. 0.43 %, P < 0.001), and more patients with interstitial lung disease (4.9 % vs. 1.49 %, P = 0.023), but fewer patients with stroke (17.65 % vs. 19.86 %, P < 0.001). Oxygen therapy rates were similar between the groups (79.41 % vs. 80.95 %, P = 0.9). The relative risk reduction in 30-day mortality was 88.45 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 81.23%-93.21 %) for severe/critical COVID-19 patients treated with sivelestat. Sivelestat significantly decreased cytokine levels of interferon alpha (IFNα), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-2 (IL-2).In the sivelestat group, the mortality rate was significantly reduced with standard oxygenation and HFNC therapy(P < 0.05). The treatment with sivelestat did not increase side effects. Conclusion:The administration of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat may improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with ALI/ARDS. These findings suggest that sivelestat could be considered an effective treatment option to alleviate pulmonary inflammatory injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

摘要信息：主要目的： 1）评估西维来司他钠治疗肺炎的临床缓解率； 2）评估西维来司他钠治疗可以减少轻中度肺炎加重的机率； 次要目的： 1）抗生素使用时间 2）药物经济学（住院费用） 3）BALF以及外周血中炎症因子（IL-2R、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1beta、IL-10以及TRAIL）水平及其清除率 4）氧和指数改善率及机械通气使用时间 5）BALF中西维来司他钠的药物浓度 6）BALF中NE水平和清除率 7）28天内的全因死亡率

摘要信息：方案名称：西维来司他钠治疗轻中度肺源性ARDS的前瞻性、多中心、安慰剂、随机双盲对照临床试验方案 试验设计：一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验 样本良：292例 研究方案：疗程：7天 给药方案：持续静脉泵入 治疗期： (1)试验组：西维来司他钠0.2mg/kg/h (2)对照组：同等量仅含西维来司他钠辅料的生理盐水 纳入标准： (1)年龄≥18岁 (2)符合ARDS柏林诊断标准 (3)肺源性因素所致ARDS (4)100mmHg＜氧合指数≤300mmHg (5)诊断ARDS＜72小时 排除标准： (1)孕妇，哺乳期妇女 (2)肺外因素所致ARDS (3)脑死亡 (4)肿瘤或其他疾病终末期 (5)入ICU后放弃治疗 (6)严重慢性肺病（合并慢性呼吸衰竭） (7)合并充血性心力衰竭 (8)呼吸心跳骤停 (9)严重血流动力学不稳定 (10)拒绝参加本研究或已参加其他研究者 (11)临终关怀者 (12)肺外SOFA≥6分 (13)入组前72小时内应用乌司他丁、胸腺法新、血必净 (14)入组前7天内糖皮质激素使用≥1mg/kg/d (15)已知对西维来司他钠或辅料、对检查时涉及的其他物质过敏 (16)入组前一周内使用过IL-6拮抗剂（如托珠单抗）或JAK抑制剂的人群 观察指标及评价时间点： 1.终点指标 主要终点指标：第8天氧合指数(PFR)改善率（PFRD8-PFR用药前）/PFR用药前 次要终点指标：第8天炎症指标改善率（IL-6, IL-8, IL-10,TNF-α和CRP），第8天肺损伤评分改善率，第8天PFR＞300mmHg的患者比例，第8天ARDS分级改善的比例（中度转为轻度，轻度转为PFR＞300mmHg和中度转为PFR＞300mmHg），28天全因病死率，28天无机械通气时间，28天非ICU住院时间，28天非住院时间，ARDS严重程度进展（轻度-中度，中度-重度）的比例，干预后气管插管率。 2.安全性指标 生命体征、体格检查、实验室检查（血常规、生化，尿常规）、胸片或胸部CT检查及不良事件情况。 3.药物经济学指标 ICU住院费、检查费、药物费用（排除希为纳）

摘要信息：研究目的： 探讨西维来司他钠治疗新冠感染患者的有效性及安全性。 入选标准 (1)年龄≥18岁； (2)确诊为新型冠状病毒感染（原名新型冠状病毒肺炎）； (3)100mmHg≤PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg。 排除标准 (1)诊疗资料缺失严重的患者； (2)妊娠期、哺乳期女性； (3)西维来司他钠用药时间＜72h； (4)合并恶性肿瘤或其他疾病的终末期； (5)合并严重慢性呼吸系统疾病； (6)经研究者判定不适合入选的其它情况。 研究方案 总体设计 本研究是一项多中心、回顾性、空白对照临床研究，收集本医院2022年11月至2023年11月确诊新冠感染的患者，后期将根据是否使用西维来司他钠进行分组，使用西维来司他钠的患者为西维来司他钠组，未使用西维来司他钠的患者为对照组。患者基本数据从电子病例系统中收集，因本研究为回顾性研究，知情同意得以豁免。病史收集中，以患者的真实诊疗记录为准，直至研究结束。患者治疗和临床管理将根据当地临床实践和适用的法规进行，本研究仅记录真实发生后的诊疗内容。 疗效指标： 主要终点：28天非机械通气时间（h） 次要终点： 用药后第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天、第10天、第14天：氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）；炎症指标（白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、白介素1-β、白介素-6、白介素-8、白介素-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α）；器官功能指标（血清铁蛋白、总胆红素、肌酐、D-二聚体、PaCO2）；预后指标（肺顺应性、APACHE II评分、Murray肺损伤评分、SOFA评分）；影像学指标（胸片/CT评分）。气管插管时间（h）、ICU住院天数（d）、住院天数（d）、俯卧位情况、气管切开情况、治疗情况。 安全性指标 导致研究药物减量或停药的不良事件。

摘要信息：研究目的： 明确西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS的有效性及安全性。 研究内容 本研究通过计算机随机，将伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者随机分为安慰剂组和西维来司他钠组, 观察两组患者入组时(D0), 第1(D1)，3(D3)，5(D5)天氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)，呼吸频率，28天内有创机械通气率、无机械通气时间、住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU获得性感染发生率、28天全因病死率、ICU病死率等，以评价西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者肺损伤的效果，以期改善轻中度ARDS患者氧合、增加无机械通气时间、降低ARDS病死率。 纳入标准： (1)18岁≤年龄≤75岁成年病人，其种族、国籍、性别不限； (2)研究符合赫尔辛基宣言及中国临床试验研究法规，病人或其家属知情并同意参加试验； (3)入住ICU依据2012柏林标准诊断ARDS 72 h以内，且氧合指数介于150-300mmHg, 并伴有全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者 (ARDS柏林标准和SIRS诊断标准见附录)； 排除标准： (1)慢性呼吸疾病的病史； (2)单纯的心源性肺水肿； (3)APACH2评分≥21分； (4)合并终末期疾病，或者临床主管医生判断近期患者预后不良； (5)ARDS病程>3天； (6)粒细胞缺乏或者接收免疫抑制剂或大剂量激素(甲强龙>40 mg)患者； (7)怀孕或哺乳； (8)曾经参与过本项研究； (9)不同意参加本试验； 主要观察指标： 1) 72 h氧合改善率[(D3氧合指数-D0氧合指数)/D0氧合指数]； 2) 28天无机械通气时间； 次要观察指标: 1) 28天有创机械通气率； 2) 28天住ICU时间； 3) 28天住院时间； 4) 28天全因病死率； 5) ICU病死率； 6)28天获得性感染发生率(定义为：实验室核酸或培养确诊的继发感染)； 7)血浆中NE及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平变化； 8)28天严重不良事件频率； 9) D1和D5氧合改善率；

摘要信息：摘 要 目的:探讨西维来司他钠对老年轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍患者胸腔镜手术后肺部并发症的影响。方法:选取择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者 180例，随机分成西维来司他钠组(S组)和乌司他丁组(U组)，每组90例。S组静脉泵注西维来司他钠，U组静脉泵注乌司他丁。比较两组至出院前的术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生情况，麻醉诱导前 10 min (T)、切皮时(T,)、术毕即刻(T,)、术后 24h(T;)及72h(T)时的肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P DO,)肺泡氧合指数(OI)和呼吸指数(RI);术前和术后2d时的第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV,%)、用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FVC%)和FEV,FVC;术后气管导管拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)入住时间及术后住院时间。结果:S组PACU停留时间短于U组;低氧血症、新出现肺部啰音和支气管痉挛发生率均低于U组;T~4时,PDO,和RI水平低于U组，0I水平高于U组:FEV,%、FVC%和FEV,FVC水平高于U组(P<0.05)。结论:西维来司他钠对老年轻度肺功能障碍患者行胸腔镜手术时具有一定的肺保护作用，可降低 PPCs 的发生。

摘要信息：Background:In Asia, Hanta virus (HTNV) results in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The efficacy of sivelestat in treating children with HTNV-induced HFRS remains unclear. Methods:An ambispective cohort study was performed on children diagnosed with HFRS and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2018 to 2023. Patients who received neutrophil elastin-inhibitor infusion between August 2019 and August 2023 were assigned to the sivelestat group, while patients who did not were assigned to the control group. The independent sample t test was used for inter-group analysis. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between two sets of continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log -Rank test was used to evaluate the difference in cumulative probability of survival between the two groups. Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in gender, age, contact history, body mass index, HFRS severity, clinical indexes at admission. Compared to the control group, the sivelestat group exhibited a significant decrease in the interleukin-8 level at 48 h (28.5±3 vs 34.5±3.5) and 72 h (21.3±4.5 vs 31.5±5.6) (P<0.05), as well as the ICAM-1 level at 48 h (553±122 vs 784±187) and 72 h (452±130 vs 623±85) (P<0.05). The concentration of VCAM-1 in the sivelestat group exhibited a consistent downward trend. Moreover, the level of VCAM-1 was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h (1760±289 vs 2180±445), 48 h (1450±441 vs 1890±267), and 72 h (1149±338 vs 1500±396) (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the cumulative probability of survival between two groups (P = 0.041). In the secondary outcomes, the sivelestat group demonstrated a decrease in the utilization rate of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Conclusion:Sivelestat may suppress neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response to reduce endothelial and organ damage, and improve clinical outcomes in children with severe hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome.

摘要信息：摘 要 中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)是由多形核中性粒细胞释放的弹性蛋白酶,在肺部炎症性疾病发病机制中,既有有利作用,又有不利作用,与体内 NE-抗 NE平衡有关。本文又综述了通过维持 NE-抗 NE平衡来治疗几种炎症性疾病的研究进展及目前存在的问题。

摘要信息：Background:There are conflicting views on the of sivelestat sodium (sivelestat-Na) on acute lung injury. Methods:The efficacy of sivelestat-Na on aspiration-related acute lung injury was analyzed by reviewing case reports published before or after the appearance of the drug on the clinical practice in Japan. Data were analyzed from the 23 sivelestat-treated cases and 5 non-sivelestat cases. Results:Sivelestat-Na was administered by 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) days. PaO2/ ratio increased significantly from 124 +/- 59 mmHg of baseline to 253 +/- 79 mmHg on the third and to 361 +/- 84 mmHg on the termination of the therapy. Significantly better response was observed if the drug was administered within 24 hours after aspiration for patients with background of neurological disease, in which the increases in the P/F ratio were greater and the duration of the drug administration was shorter compared with other patients. In comparison with the non-sivelestat cases, sivelestat-Na therapy appears to be associated with shorter ventilator days or higher P/F increase, although sivelestat-Na costs higher. Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility of conducting prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy of early sivelestat-Na therapy for aspiration-related acute lung injury.