摘要信息：摘 要 目的:探讨西维来司他钠对老年轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍患者胸腔镜手术后肺部并发症的影响。方法:选取择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者 180例，随机分成西维来司他钠组(S组)和乌司他丁组(U组)，每组90例。S组静脉泵注西维来司他钠，U组静脉泵注乌司他丁。比较两组至出院前的术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生情况，麻醉诱导前 10 min (T)、切皮时(T,)、术毕即刻(T,)、术后 24h(T;)及72h(T)时的肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P DO,)肺泡氧合指数(OI)和呼吸指数(RI);术前和术后2d时的第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV,%)、用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FVC%)和FEV,FVC;术后气管导管拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)入住时间及术后住院时间。结果:S组PACU停留时间短于U组;低氧血症、新出现肺部啰音和支气管痉挛发生率均低于U组;T~4时,PDO,和RI水平低于U组，0I水平高于U组:FEV,%、FVC%和FEV,FVC水平高于U组(P<0.05)。结论:西维来司他钠对老年轻度肺功能障碍患者行胸腔镜手术时具有一定的肺保护作用，可降低 PPCs 的发生。

摘要信息：目的 观察西维来司他钠在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)合并肺损伤患者中的应用效果。方法 按随机数字表法将 2021年1月至 2023 年12月进行治疗的 84例SAP合并肺损伤患者分为对照组和观察组,各 42例。对照组采用鸟司他丁治疗,观察组于对照组的基础上加用注射用西维来司他钠治疗。比较两组炎症介质水平、肺郚超声评分([US)、血清淀粉酶(AMY)、尿淀粉酶(AMY),呼吸功能、肺损伤程度、病情严重程度、脏器功能、症状消失时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗后白细胞介素 -6(Ⅱ-6)、降钙素原(PCT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均低于对照组,LUS 评分、AMY 和 UAMY 水平均低于对照组,氧合指数(PaO,Fi0,)与动脉血氧分压(PaO,)均高于对照组Muray 肺损伤量表(MLIS)评分、急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEII)评分及序贯器官衰竭评分系统(SOFA)评分均低于对照组,呼吸困难、恶心呕吐及腹痛消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SAP合并肺损伤患者采用注射用西维来司他钠与鸟司他丁联合治疗可减轻炎症反应,改善呼吸功能,保护脏器功能,减轻肺损伤,控制患者病情,且不良反应并未增加。

摘要信息：1、炎症介质 NE、TNF-α、I-6 的过多激活参与 SAP 的进程及相关肾损害，肾组织NF-xB 激活在其中起重要作用;2、SS 发挥肾器官保护的可能活性机理:影响血清中炎症介质 NE、TNF-α、Ⅱ-6 水平是主要环节，减少其释放;其次抑制肾组织 NF-KB 活化，减轻炎性因子对肾组织细胞造成损伤有关。

摘要信息：目的 探讨注射用西维来司他钠治疗急性胰腺炎引发的全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)及急性肺损伤的疗效。方法，对一例急性胰腺炎引发SIRS及急性肺损伤的患者采取注射用西维来司他钠治疗，通过动态监测血淀粉酶、血脂肪酶、白细胞计数、血小板计数、总胆红素、肌酐、转氨酶、氧合指数、胸部CT变化等，对患者进行效果评价。结果，在常规治疗的基础上采取注射用西维来司他钠治疗7d后，患者SIRS表现得到改善，血淀粉酶、脂肪酶及白细胞计数较入院时下降:与初入重症医学科相比，患者氧合指数明显改善，双肺弥漫性浸润改变及双侧胸腔积液好转;用药期间患者未出现肝肾功能损伤、血小板减少等不良反应。结论，注射用西维来司他钠治疗急性胰腺炎引发的SIRS及急性肺损伤是安全有效的。

摘要信息：Background:In Asia, Hanta virus (HTNV) results in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The efficacy of sivelestat in treating children with HTNV-induced HFRS remains unclear. Methods:An ambispective cohort study was performed on children diagnosed with HFRS and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2018 to 2023. Patients who received neutrophil elastin-inhibitor infusion between August 2019 and August 2023 were assigned to the sivelestat group, while patients who did not were assigned to the control group. The independent sample t test was used for inter-group analysis. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between two sets of continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log -Rank test was used to evaluate the difference in cumulative probability of survival between the two groups. Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in gender, age, contact history, body mass index, HFRS severity, clinical indexes at admission. Compared to the control group, the sivelestat group exhibited a significant decrease in the interleukin-8 level at 48 h (28.5±3 vs 34.5±3.5) and 72 h (21.3±4.5 vs 31.5±5.6) (P<0.05), as well as the ICAM-1 level at 48 h (553±122 vs 784±187) and 72 h (452±130 vs 623±85) (P<0.05). The concentration of VCAM-1 in the sivelestat group exhibited a consistent downward trend. Moreover, the level of VCAM-1 was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h (1760±289 vs 2180±445), 48 h (1450±441 vs 1890±267), and 72 h (1149±338 vs 1500±396) (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the cumulative probability of survival between two groups (P = 0.041). In the secondary outcomes, the sivelestat group demonstrated a decrease in the utilization rate of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Conclusion:Sivelestat may suppress neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response to reduce endothelial and organ damage, and improve clinical outcomes in children with severe hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome.

摘要信息：Background:Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is a selective and targeted therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults; and it is also reported to apply to children with ARDS. However, there is little evidence of its efficacy in children. Methods:This study recruited 212 patients ranging in age from 28 days to 18 years old, and who met the diagnostic criteria for pediatric ARDS (PARDS) while hospitalized in the Intensive Care Department of the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. A total of 125 patients (case group) received sivelestat treatment, and 87 were assigned to the control group. There were no significant differences in gender (P=0.445) or age (P=0.521). Control group data were collected from the Electronic Case Information System for pediatric patients diagnosed with ARDS between March 2017 to January 2020. Data for the case group were collected from the Electronic Case Information System between February 2020 to February 2022. Demographic data, clinically relevant indicators, respiratory parameters were recorded. The 28-day mortality was the primary endpoint; the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to evaluate cumulative survival rate. Results:For general demographic and clinical characteristics, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the case group displayed significant improvements in PaO2/FiO2at 48 h (141±45 vs. 115±21, P<0.001) and 72 h (169±61 vs. 139±40, P<0.001) post-admission, and plateau pressure was lower than that in the control group at 24 h (24±3 vs. 28±7, P<0.001), 48 h (21±4 vs. 26±7, P<0.001), and 72 h (20±2 vs. 25±6, P<0.001) post-admission. Interleukin-8 levels were lower in the case group at 48 and 72 h post-admission. Overall, 28-day mortality was 25.47% (54/212). Twenty-five children died in the sivelestat group, 29 children died in the control group. Survival analysis revealed that cumulative survival in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.028). Conclusions:ARDS is expected to have high morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine, and precise targeted drugs are lacking. Our study showed that sivelestat improved prognosis and reduces mortality in children with ARDS.

摘要信息：Background:Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease increases the risk of surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Sivelestat is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor thought to have a prophylactic effect against lung injury after surgery using bypass. We elucidated that Sivelestat had the protective effect on lung in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension who underwent surgery using bypass. Methods:This study was a controlled prospective randomized trial and enrolled 13 neonates or infants with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. The patients were assigned to either sivelestat with the dose of 0.2 mg/kg per hour (sivelestat group, n = 7) or saline (placebo group, n = 6) from the start of bypass until 6 hours after bypass. Proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules on leukocytes were measured at 10 time points during the above period. Pulmonary function was assessed perioperatively. Results:Compared with the placebo group, the sivelestat group had significantly lower values of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient at 24 hours (p = 0.038) and at 48 hours (p = 0.028) after bypass, and significantly better balance of hydration at 48 hours after bypass (p = 0.012). The sivelestat group also showed significantly lower plasma levels of interleukin-8 immediately after bypass (p = 0.041) and interleukin-10 at 15 minutes after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (p = 0.048), and immediately after bypass (p = 0.037). Conclusions:Administration of sivelestat during bypass prevented pulmonary damage and activities of proinflammatory cytokines at the cardiac operation in neonates or infants. Our results show that sivelestat may be considered to protect pulmonary function against the injury by bypass. Keywords: 20; ANOVA; Aa-Do(2); CK-MB; CPB; ELAM-1; ICAM-1; ICU; IL; PH; PMN; PaO2/FiO2; Pp/Ps; Qp/Qs; Rp/Rs; VSD; alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient; analysis of variance; cardiopulmonary bypass; creatine kinase-myocardial band; endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1; intensive care unit; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; interleukin; polymorphonuclear; pulmonary hypertension; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial blood flow; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial systolic pressure; ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance; ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; ventricular septal defect.

摘要信息：Purpose:Several reports indicate that a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, may have prophylactic efficacy against a systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We evaluated the clinical pulmonary and cardiac effects of sivelestat. Methods:We performed a retrospective study of 25 pediatric patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery with CPB for ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension. Ten patients received 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) sivelestat; the other is patients were the control group. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. The P(a)O(2)/fractional inspired oxygen (F(I)O(2); P/F) ratio, the respiratory index (RI), and the fractional area change (FAC) of the left ventricle (LV) in the postoperative course were measured. Results:The P/F ratio was higher in the sivelestat group compared with the control group and there were significant differences between the two groups immediately after weaning form CPB, and at 12 h after weaning from CPB (P < 0.05). The RI was lower in the sivelestat group compared with the control group and there were significant differences between the two groups at immediately after weaning from CPB, and at 6 h and 12 h after CPB (P < 0.05). The FAC of the LV was significantly better in the sivelestat group and there was a significant difference between the two groups on postoperative day (POD) 3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion:We have shown that pediatric patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with CPB who received sivelestat had a higher P/F ratio, a lower RI, and better FAC of the LV in the postoperative course.

摘要信息：Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits a systemic inflammatory response. Our previous reports revealed that prophylactic sivelestat administration at CPB initiation suppresses the postoperative acute inflammatory response due to CPB in pediatric cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sivelestat administration before CPB and at CPB initiation in patients undergoing pediatric open-heart surgery. Twenty consecutive patients weighing 5-10 kg and undergoing ventricular septal defect closure with CPB were divided into pre-CPB (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Patients in the pre-CPB group received a 24 h continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat starting at the induction of anesthesia and an additional 0.1 mg/100 mL during CPB priming. Patients in the control group received a 24-h continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat starting at the commencement of CPB. Blood samples were tested. Clinical variables including blood loss, water balance, systemic vascular resistance index, and the ratio between partial pressure of oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio) were assessed. White blood cell count and neutrophil count as well as C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in the pre-CPB group according to repeated two-way analysis of variance, whereas platelet count was significantly higher. During CPB, mixed venous oxygen saturation remained significantly higher and lactate levels lower in the pre-CPB group. Postoperative alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower in the pre-CPB group than in the control group. The P/F ratio was significantly higher in the pre-CPB group than in the control group. Fluid load requirement was significantly lower in the pre-CPB group.Administration of sivelestat before CPB initiation is more effective than administration at initiation for the suppression of inflammatory responses due to CPB in pediatric open-heart surgery, with this effect being confirmed by clinical evidence.

摘要信息：Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) evokes activation of a systemic inflammatory response. Sivelestat has been used clinically to treat acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This prospective, doubleblind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the effects of sivelestat in the perioperative period of elective pediatric open-heart surgery with CPB. Twenty-six consecutive pediatric patients weighing between 5 and 10 kg and undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB were divided into a sivelestat group (n = 13) and a control group (n = 13). The patients in the sivelestat group were administered a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/hour of sivelestat, and the patients in the control group were administered the same volume of 0.9% saline from the initiation of CPB to 24 hours after surgery. Blood samples were drawn for the measurement of cytokines, polymorphonuclear elastase (PMN-E), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NC), and C-reactive protein (CRP). There were no significant differences in cytokine data between the two groups. The peak PMN-E and WBC levels were significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.049, P = 0.039). The WBC and NC levels immediately after surgery in the control group were significantly greater than those in the sivelestat group (P = 0.049, P = 0.044). The peak CRP level in the control group was significantly greater than the sivelestat group (P = 0.04), and the CRP level on postoperative day 4 in the control group was significantly greater than in the sivelestat group (P = 0.014). This study showed that sivelestat attenuates the perioperative inflammatory response in pediatric heart surgery with CPB.