文章来源：PubMed

摘要信息：Objective: Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sivelestat sodium, as a selective NE inhibitor, may improve the outcomes of patients with sepsis-induced ARDS in previous studies, but there is a lack of solid evidence. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sivelestat sodium on oxygenation in patients with sepsisinduced ARDS. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolling patients diagnosed with sepsisinduced ARDS admitted within 48 hours of the advent of symptoms. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to sivelestat or placebo. Trial drugs were administered as a 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion, for a minimum duration of 5 days and a maximum duration of 14 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of PaO2/FiO2 ratio improvement on Day 5 after randomization, deffned by a greater than 50% improvement in PaO2/FiO2 compared with that on ICU admission or PaO2/FiO2 reached over 300 mmHg on Day 5. Results: The study was stopped midway due to a potential between-group difference in mortality observed during the interim analysis. Overall, a total of 70 patients were randomized, of whom 34 were assigned to receive sivelestat sodium and 36 placebo. On day 5, 19/ 34 (55.9%) patients in the sivelestat group had PaO2/FiO2 ratio improvement compared with 7/36 (19.4%) patients in the placebo group (risk difference, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.56, p<0.001). The Kaplan–Meier curves showed a signiffcantly improved 28-day survival rate in patients receiving sivelestat than those not (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.95; p=0.041). Conclusion: In patients with sepsis-induced ARDS, sivelestat sodium could improve oxygenation within the ffrst ffve days and may be associated with decreased 28-day mortality. Keywords: sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neutrophil elastase, sivelestat, oxygenation

文章来源：中国知网

摘要信息：探讨西维来司他钠治疗时机对脓毒症急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的影响。方法　选取2021年1 月—2024年2月徐州医科大学附属徐州市立医院收治的52例脓毒症急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者，根据西维来司他钠治 疗时机将患者分为A组（n=32）、B组（n=9）、C组（n=11）。患者入院后均给予抗感染、营养支持、维持电解质 平衡、抗凝等常规治疗，在此基础上给予注射用西维来司他钠治疗，A组于发病24 h内使用，B组于发病24～48 h使 用，C组于发病48 h后使用，三组均治疗5 d。治疗5 d后评估三组临床疗效，治疗前、治疗5 d后检测血气分析指标〔氧 合指数、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）〕，治疗前、治疗5 d后评估序贯器官衰竭评估 （SOFA）评分、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分，并记录患者不良反应发生情况。结果　治疗 5 d后A组治疗总有效率高于B组、C组（P＜0.05）。治疗5 d后，A组氧合指数、SaO2高于B组、C组，PaCO2低于B组、 C组（P＜0.05）。治疗5 d后，A组SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分低于B组、C组（P＜0.05）。三组不良反应总发生率比 较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　发病24 h内使用西维来司他钠可提高脓毒症急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的临 床疗效，改善血气分析指标及疾病严重程度，且安全性尚可。

摘要信息：Background:Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common critical illnesses in clinical practice, with sepsis being the most common cause of ALI. Sivelestat sodium (SV) hydrate is a highly effective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, specifically targeting ALI related to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms by which SV can reduce the severity of ALI resulting from sepsis. Methods:Cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) was employed for creating an animal model of ALI caused by sepsis. Primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to develop an in vitro model of infection-induced ALI. Lung tissue damage was assessed by employing hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Lung edema was determined by calculating the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio. Lung tissue and cell samples were analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and wound-healing assay were used to determine the cell proliferation and migration, while flow cytometry was used for detecting cell apoptosis. The association between microRNA (miR)-744 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was discovered and confirmed through the utilization of bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase gene reporter assay. The analysis of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and Smad3 was carried out through western blotting and immunohistochemistry in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Results:In both in vivo and in vitro settings of ALI models of sepsis, there was a significant decrease in the level of miR-744-5p, a significant elevation in the expression of inflammatory factors, and a significant intensification of lung tissue damage. Administration of SV resulted in a significant increase in the level of miR-744-5p, suppressed the inflammatory response, and ultimately improved lung injury. Cell proliferation was significantly enhanced by SV and cell apoptosis was inhibited. The protection of SV was significantly reversed by inhibiting the effect of miR-744-5p. The double-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed substantial interactions occurring between miR-744-5p and TGF-β1. The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by SV, however, the inhibitory effect can be counteracted by utilizing the miR-744-5p inhibitor. Conclusions:The upregulation of miR-744-5p by SV inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby reducing sepsis-induced ALI.

摘要信息：方案名称：西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症的前瞻性、多中心、观察队列研究 试验设计：多中心、观察队列研究 研究目的：1）评价西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症的临床疗效及安全性；2）观察经西维来司他钠治疗后，脓毒症患者血清炎症指标及肺功能的变化；3）评价西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症的直接治疗成本价值。 纳入标准： 1) 年龄≥18岁且＜80岁； 2) 符合Sepsis 3.0诊断标准：机体对于感染的失控反应所导致的威胁生命的器官功能障碍（初筛qSOFA≥2，确诊SOFA≥2）（附录1）； 3) 能够在脓毒症诊断72小时内给药； 4) 患者或家属对本次试验目的和意义有充分了解，自愿参加本次临床试验，并签署知情同意书。 排除标准： 1) 同时参与其他探索性临床研究的患者； 2) 预计生存期少于48h； 3) 用药组患者预计西维来司他钠用药时间＜7天； 4) 孕妇、哺乳期女性； 5) 同时使用乌司他丁等对弹性蛋白酶有抑制作用的药物； 6) 肿瘤晚期或恶病质的患者（预期生存期不超过3月）； 7) 合并4个及以上器官功能衰竭（单个器官SOFA评分≥3分）的患者； 8) 严重慢性呼吸系统疾病，自身免疫性疾病累及肺，存在慢性呼吸衰竭，如中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病，支气管扩张或肺间质纤维化；膈肌或呼吸肌无力病人； 9) 对试验用药物有效成分或其辅料过敏； 10) 经研究者判定不适合入选的其它情况。 结局指标： (1)接受治疗后患者第7天的氧合指数PaO2/FiO2，SpO2/FiO2，及28天无机械通气时间（插管病人统计）；28天内从高流量吸氧转为有创/无创机械通气的比例（非插管病人统计）； (2)1) 器官功能指标：第0、3、5、7天的血常规（WBC、NEU、NEU%、LYM、PLT、NLR）、肝肾功能（AST、ALT、TBil、DBil、UREA、CR、24h出入量）、凝血功能（PT、APTT、D-二聚体）； 2) 炎症因子：第0、3、5、7天的CRP、PCT、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α，第0、7天的T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3+、CD4+、CD8+绝对计数）； 3) 呼吸指标：第0、3、5天的氧合指数PaO2/FiO2，SpO2/FiO2；第0、3、5、7天的俯卧位通气情况（持续时间）注2、呼吸支持模式和参数（吸入氧浓度，分钟通气量等）； 4) 评分情况：第0、3、5、7天的SOFA评分、APACHE II评分、Murray肺损伤评分； 5) 影像学指标：第0、3、5、7天的胸片/CT评分； 6) 患者转归：7天内ARDS发生率，ICU滞留天数、住院天数、ICU病死率、院内病死率、28天病死率、28天内呼吸机使用时间（h）； 7) 直接成本指标：药物费用、住院费用、ICU住院费用。

摘要信息：研究题目：西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症合并轻中度ARDS患者安全性及有效性的一项前瞻性、多中心、双盲、随机对照试验 研究目的： (1)观察西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症相关ARDS的临床安全性和有效性； (2)了解经西维来司他钠治疗后，患者氧合指数、机械通气时间（非机通时间）、肺功能指标、肺部影像学改变情况、炎症指标。 研究设计 本研究为前瞻性、多中心、双盲、随机对照临床研究。在不中止原本治疗方案基础上，对加用西维来司他钠治疗（试验组）或安慰剂治疗（对照组）的脓毒症合并ARDS的患者进行相关观察及指标记录。 样本量 本研究计划按照试验组：对照组= 1:1抽样，计划纳入试验组（注射用西维来司他钠）71例受试者，对照组（安慰剂）71例受试者，共计142例。 入组标准 (1)男女不限，年龄在18-75周岁之间； (2)依据sepsis3.0诊断为脓毒症的患者（附录一）； (3)依据柏林ARDS诊断标准诊断为ARDS的患者（附录二）； (4)能够在入ICU诊断为ARDS患者48小时内给药的患者（附录五）； (5)能够理解和遵守协议要求，自愿参加本研究； 排除标准 (1)参与其他临床研究的患者； (2)诊疗资料缺失严重的患者； (3)妊娠期、哺乳期女性或可能处于妊娠中的女性； (4)经研究者判断，认为不适合本研究组的患者（如原发严重肝肾功能损伤、慢性肺气肿、呼吸衰竭等慢性疾病器官、移植术后、DIC患者、终末期肿瘤患者、患精神疾病的患者等）; (5)氧合指数PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg的患者（PaO2须在机械通气参数PEEP值不小于5 cm H2O的条件下测得，附录二）； (6)诊断为中性粒细胞减少症（中性粒细胞绝对计数 < 2 ⨉109 / L）的患者； (7)接受化疗药及其他免疫调节药物（如重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子、胸腺法新、乌司他丁、血必净等）或接受大剂量激素（>80mg/天）治疗超过5天的患者; (8)医师认为不适宜本实验对象的患者; (9)不能对原发病进行有效治疗的患者; 研究终点 主要终点指标： 接受西维来司他钠或安慰剂治疗后患者第5天的氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）改善有效率 接受西维来司他钠或安慰剂治疗后患者第3、5、7、14天的氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2） 次要终点指标： 炎症指标：接受西维来司他钠或安慰剂治疗后患者第0、3、5、7天的血中CRP、PCT、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-⍺，NE含量及浓度；及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-⍺，BUN及蛋白含量和NE的含量及浓度 呼吸支持方式：（有创、无创或者高流量湿化氧疗）和时间 肺功能指标：接受西维来司他钠或安慰剂治疗后患者第3、5、7、14天的肺顺应性、呼吸机PEEP值； ARDS总体转归：ICU 28天生存率。