摘要信息：摘 要 目的:探讨西维来司他钠对老年轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍患者胸腔镜手术后肺部并发症的影响。方法:选取择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者 180例，随机分成西维来司他钠组(S组)和乌司他丁组(U组)，每组90例。S组静脉泵注西维来司他钠，U组静脉泵注乌司他丁。比较两组至出院前的术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生情况，麻醉诱导前 10 min (T)、切皮时(T,)、术毕即刻(T,)、术后 24h(T;)及72h(T)时的肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P DO,)肺泡氧合指数(OI)和呼吸指数(RI);术前和术后2d时的第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV,%)、用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FVC%)和FEV,FVC;术后气管导管拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)入住时间及术后住院时间。结果:S组PACU停留时间短于U组;低氧血症、新出现肺部啰音和支气管痉挛发生率均低于U组;T~4时,PDO,和RI水平低于U组，0I水平高于U组:FEV,%、FVC%和FEV,FVC水平高于U组(P<0.05)。结论:西维来司他钠对老年轻度肺功能障碍患者行胸腔镜手术时具有一定的肺保护作用，可降低 PPCs 的发生。

摘要信息：Background:In Asia, Hanta virus (HTNV) results in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The efficacy of sivelestat in treating children with HTNV-induced HFRS remains unclear. Methods:An ambispective cohort study was performed on children diagnosed with HFRS and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2018 to 2023. Patients who received neutrophil elastin-inhibitor infusion between August 2019 and August 2023 were assigned to the sivelestat group, while patients who did not were assigned to the control group. The independent sample t test was used for inter-group analysis. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between two sets of continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log -Rank test was used to evaluate the difference in cumulative probability of survival between the two groups. Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in gender, age, contact history, body mass index, HFRS severity, clinical indexes at admission. Compared to the control group, the sivelestat group exhibited a significant decrease in the interleukin-8 level at 48 h (28.5±3 vs 34.5±3.5) and 72 h (21.3±4.5 vs 31.5±5.6) (P<0.05), as well as the ICAM-1 level at 48 h (553±122 vs 784±187) and 72 h (452±130 vs 623±85) (P<0.05). The concentration of VCAM-1 in the sivelestat group exhibited a consistent downward trend. Moreover, the level of VCAM-1 was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h (1760±289 vs 2180±445), 48 h (1450±441 vs 1890±267), and 72 h (1149±338 vs 1500±396) (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the cumulative probability of survival between two groups (P = 0.041). In the secondary outcomes, the sivelestat group demonstrated a decrease in the utilization rate of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Conclusion:Sivelestat may suppress neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response to reduce endothelial and organ damage, and improve clinical outcomes in children with severe hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome.

摘要信息：Background:Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is a selective and targeted therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults; and it is also reported to apply to children with ARDS. However, there is little evidence of its efficacy in children. Methods:This study recruited 212 patients ranging in age from 28 days to 18 years old, and who met the diagnostic criteria for pediatric ARDS (PARDS) while hospitalized in the Intensive Care Department of the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. A total of 125 patients (case group) received sivelestat treatment, and 87 were assigned to the control group. There were no significant differences in gender (P=0.445) or age (P=0.521). Control group data were collected from the Electronic Case Information System for pediatric patients diagnosed with ARDS between March 2017 to January 2020. Data for the case group were collected from the Electronic Case Information System between February 2020 to February 2022. Demographic data, clinically relevant indicators, respiratory parameters were recorded. The 28-day mortality was the primary endpoint; the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to evaluate cumulative survival rate. Results:For general demographic and clinical characteristics, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the case group displayed significant improvements in PaO2/FiO2at 48 h (141±45 vs. 115±21, P<0.001) and 72 h (169±61 vs. 139±40, P<0.001) post-admission, and plateau pressure was lower than that in the control group at 24 h (24±3 vs. 28±7, P<0.001), 48 h (21±4 vs. 26±7, P<0.001), and 72 h (20±2 vs. 25±6, P<0.001) post-admission. Interleukin-8 levels were lower in the case group at 48 and 72 h post-admission. Overall, 28-day mortality was 25.47% (54/212). Twenty-five children died in the sivelestat group, 29 children died in the control group. Survival analysis revealed that cumulative survival in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.028). Conclusions:ARDS is expected to have high morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine, and precise targeted drugs are lacking. Our study showed that sivelestat improved prognosis and reduces mortality in children with ARDS.

摘要信息：Background:Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease increases the risk of surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Sivelestat is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor thought to have a prophylactic effect against lung injury after surgery using bypass. We elucidated that Sivelestat had the protective effect on lung in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension who underwent surgery using bypass. Methods:This study was a controlled prospective randomized trial and enrolled 13 neonates or infants with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. The patients were assigned to either sivelestat with the dose of 0.2 mg/kg per hour (sivelestat group, n = 7) or saline (placebo group, n = 6) from the start of bypass until 6 hours after bypass. Proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules on leukocytes were measured at 10 time points during the above period. Pulmonary function was assessed perioperatively. Results:Compared with the placebo group, the sivelestat group had significantly lower values of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient at 24 hours (p = 0.038) and at 48 hours (p = 0.028) after bypass, and significantly better balance of hydration at 48 hours after bypass (p = 0.012). The sivelestat group also showed significantly lower plasma levels of interleukin-8 immediately after bypass (p = 0.041) and interleukin-10 at 15 minutes after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (p = 0.048), and immediately after bypass (p = 0.037). Conclusions:Administration of sivelestat during bypass prevented pulmonary damage and activities of proinflammatory cytokines at the cardiac operation in neonates or infants. Our results show that sivelestat may be considered to protect pulmonary function against the injury by bypass. Keywords: 20; ANOVA; Aa-Do(2); CK-MB; CPB; ELAM-1; ICAM-1; ICU; IL; PH; PMN; PaO2/FiO2; Pp/Ps; Qp/Qs; Rp/Rs; VSD; alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient; analysis of variance; cardiopulmonary bypass; creatine kinase-myocardial band; endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1; intensive care unit; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; interleukin; polymorphonuclear; pulmonary hypertension; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial blood flow; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial systolic pressure; ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance; ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; ventricular septal defect.

摘要信息：百草枯是一种高效能剧毒性接触型除草剂，中毒者临床病死率高，中毒表现以急性肺损伤为主，同时伴有肝、肾等多器官损伤，经口服中毒者病死率高达50%～70%[1-2]，多数死于呼吸衰竭，目前无特效解毒药。百草枯致死摄入剂量约为20～40 mg/kg，相当于5～15 mL 20%百草枯水溶液[3]，口服量大于40 mL百草枯水溶液属于爆发型中毒患者[4]，多在1 d内出现肺水肿，数小时至数天内发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征或多器官功能衰竭，多数1～4 d内死亡，临床存活率极低。本例患者口服百草枯约100 mL，属于爆发型中毒患者，转入院时已出现严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征，应用西维来司他钠及一氧化氮（NO）吸入等联合疗法成功救治并康复出院，属极为罕见病例，现报道如下，仅供临床参考。

摘要信息：Inhalation of acid fumes and aspiration of liquid substances or gastric contents may not initiate dyspnea within several hours after exposure but may result in delayed onset of alveolar edema. The present report presents three cases of inhalation or aspiration of chemical substances that resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Due to different underlying reasons, three patients developed ARDS resulting from chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary infection. From patients with dyspnea, dry rales could be heard in both lungs, with <92% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. All patients were treated using a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. Oxygenation gradually improved and the patients were discharged without adverse events. These cases suggest that early treatment with sivelestat sodium may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS.

摘要信息：【摘 要】 目的 观察西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气(APRV)在创伤所致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月一2022年12月厦门市海沧医院收治的创伤所致重度 ARDS 患者 80 例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各 40 例。在常规对症处理基础上,对照组予 APRV 治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用注射用西维来司他钠治疗,2组均持续治疗1周。比较2组患者预后情况(机械通气时间、ICU 住院时间和病死率),治疗前后炎性因子[白介素-6(1L-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、C 反应蛋白(CRP)]、血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaC0,)、动脉血氧分压(Pa0,)、Pa0,/Fi0,]和肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV,)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV,FVC]。结果 观察组病死率为2.50%,低于对照组的22.50%( =7.314,P=0.007);观察组机械通气时间与 ICU住院时间均短于对照组(P 均<0.01);治疗1周后,2 组 Ⅱ-6、PCT、CRP、PaC0,水平均较治疗前降低,Pa0,、Pa0,FiO,、FEV,、FVC、FEV,/FVC 均较治疗前升高,且观察组降低或升高的程度大于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论 西维来司他钠联合 APRV 在创伤所致重度 ARDS 治疗中应用效果较好,能改善患者血气指标,减轻炎性反应,提升肺功能,进而促进其快速康复,利于改善疾病预后。

摘要信息：Background:Acryloyl chloride is a highly toxic volatile liquid that can cause pulmonary edema. However, no sufficient treatment reports have been published to date. Here, we report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by acryloyl chloride inhalation. Case presentation:The patient was a 36-year-old man with accidental exposure to acryloyl chloride. The patient had dyspnea and wet cough, with approximately 88% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. He was diagnosed with ARDS and admitted to the intensive care unit. Initially, he was treated with a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. However, due to the possibility of delayed exacerbation, the patient was switched to methylprednisolone. Oxygenation gradually improved, and the patient was discharged on the day 8 of hospitalization. Conclusion:We report the case of a patient who developed ARDS with delayed exacerbation after the inhalation of acryloyl chloride, which was treated without endotracheal intubation.

摘要信息：硝酸和氢氟酸等强酸性物质具有很强的氧化性,被广泛应用于工业生产中,强酸吸入引起化学性肺炎偶见报道。严重的化学性肺炎会引起急性肺水肿，出现危及生命的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)。目前针对化学性肺炎的治疗不仅缺乏统一标准，而且强烈依赖于激素、抗感染等传统治疗方案。西维来司他钠为新型 ARDS 治疗药物,其面世弥补了 ARDS 临床治疗手段的匮乏。本文报道了1例早期应用西维来司他钠成功治疗硝酸氢氟酸混合物吸入致ARDS 的病例，以分享救治体会。

摘要信息：Background: We aimed to assess the efficacy of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, in the treatment of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, we conducted a randomized trial on patients who had been diagnosed with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) at Wuhan Union Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups by random envelop method, the Sivelestat group and the Control group. We measured the serum concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) at five time points, which were the baseline, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after admission to the ICU. We evaluated the cardiac function by sonography and the heart rate variability (HRV) with 24-hour Holter recording between the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 72 h after Sivelestat treatment. Results: From January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 70 patients were included in this study. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the Sivelestat group at different time points (12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). HMGB1 levels were significantly lower at 72 h after Sivelestat treatment (19.46 ± 2.63pg/mL vs. 21.20 ± 2.03pg/mL, P = 0.003). The stroke volume (SV), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A), early (e') and late (a') diastoles were significantly low in the Control group compared with the Sivelestat group. Tei index was high in the Control group compared with the Sivelestat group (0.60 ± 0.08 vs. 0.56 ± 0.07, P = 0.029). The result of HRV showed significant differences in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), low frequency (LF), and LF/HF (high frequency) between the two groups. Conclusions: Sivelestat can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors, improve cardiac function, and reduce heart rate variability in patients with Sepsis-induced ARDS and SCM.